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Brilliant introduction to the philosophy of mathematics, from the
question 'what is a number?' up to the concept of infinity,
descriptions, classes and axioms Russell deploys all his skills and
brilliant prose to write an introductory book - a real gem by one
of the 20th century's most celebrated philosophers New foreword by
Michael Potter to the Routledge Classics edition places the book in
helpful context and explains why it's a classic
Russell's first book on philosophy and a fascinating insight into
his early thinking A classic in the history and philosophy of
mathematics and logic by one of the greatest philosophers of the
20th century This Routledge Classics edition includes a new
foreword by Michael Potter, a renowned expert on analytic
philosophy
Russell's first book on philosophy and a fascinating insight into
his early thinking A classic in the history and philosophy of
mathematics and logic by one of the greatest philosophers of the
20th century This Routledge Classics edition includes a new
foreword by Michael Potter, a renowned expert on analytic
philosophy
Brilliant introduction to the philosophy of mathematics, from the
question 'what is a number?' up to the concept of infinity,
descriptions, classes and axioms Russell deploys all his skills and
brilliant prose to write an introductory book - a real gem by one
of the 20th century's most celebrated philosophers New foreword by
Michael Potter to the Routledge Classics edition places the book in
helpful context and explains why it's a classic
"An excellent analysis of the complex dynamics of inclusion in
post-conflict societies: theoretically grounded, empirically rich,
and with a well-informed set of policy-relevant insights and
recommendations with implications far beyond the cases of Kosovo
and Northern Ireland."Stefan Wolff, University of Birmingham, UK
"Does the promotion of political accommodation between the
contending parties in an ethno-nationalist conflict disadvantage
other groups in society? This important question is at the heart of
Michael Potter's nuanced study of post-settlement parliaments in
Kosovo and Northern Ireland, in which he probes their record of
representativeness, focusing on gender and ethnicity. His
meticulous research, drawing on extensive fieldwork, shows that the
domination of the parliaments by parties aligned to the conflict
does indeed tend to marginalise other identities. His findings
provide plenty of food for thought for practitioners in the field
of conflict resolution. In particular, they underline the need for
care in the design of institutional arrangements for deeply divided
societies, so as to minimise potentially negative consequences that
priority for accommodation and reconciliation may have for other
issues and for the practice of inclusion."Adrian Guelke, Queen's
University Belfast, UK "Identity is a central organising principle
of politics in the 21st century. In this impressive book Michael
Potter shows that a focus on gender and minority ethnic identities
in newly-formed post-conflict assemblies provides a unique litmus
test of the robustness of democratic politics. He analyses the
cases of Kosovo and Northern Ireland with rigour and considerable
insight. This book makes a highly original and lasting contribution
to theory and practice in post-conflict settings world-wide."Yvonne
Galligan, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland This book
examines inclusion in post-conflict legislatures, using Northern
Ireland and Kosovo as case studies and gender and minority
ethnicity as indicators. The analysis uses an adapted framework
developed by Yvonne Galligan and Sara Clavero to measure inclusion
across a range of factors associated with deliberative democratic
principles. The logic is that political systems designed to
accommodate communities in conflict will prioritise certain
identities over others. The aim of the book is to investigate how
identities not directly associated with a conflict fare in a
political system designed to manage identities in conflict. The
book looks comparatively at the conflicts in Kosovo and Northern
Ireland, then discusses approaches to conflict management,
describing how political institutions were designed in those
contexts. The themes of women and minority identities in those
conflicts are then explored with a view to examining the extent of
inclusion in the Northern Ireland and Kosovo Assemblies.
Gottlob Frege (1848 1925) was unquestionably one of the most
important philosophers of all time. He trained as a mathematician,
and his work in philosophy started as an attempt to provide an
explanation of the truths of arithmetic, but in the course of this
attempt he not only founded modern logic but also had to address
fundamental questions in the philosophy of language and
philosophical logic. Frege is generally seen (along with Russell
and Wittgenstein) as one of the fathers of the analytic method,
which dominated philosophy in English-speaking countries for most
of the twentieth century. His work is studied today not just for
its historical importance but also because many of his ideas are
still seen as relevant to current debates in the philosophies of
logic, language, mathematics and the mind. The Cambridge Companion
to Frege provides a route into this lively area of research.
The development of innovative molecular techniques such as
pulse-field gel electro phoresis, cDNA subtraction libraries and
chromosome hopping libraries coupled with the increasing popularity
in the prospect of sequencing mammalian genomes, has triggered a
resurgence of interest in finding and characterizing genes that
playa role in modifying immune processes and diseases. Genetically
defined strains of mice (e. g., inbred strains and recently derived
stocks of wild mice) provide ideal models for examining the genetic
control of diseases as a result of their syntenic relationship with
man in genetic composition as well as linkage conserva tion. Due to
the relative ease of producing a specific genotype via appropriate
breeding schedules, murine models may provide the only hope for
unravelling those complex disease processes under mUltigenic
control. This issue of CTMI is a collection of papers on the
characterization and mapping of genes involved in mutations and
dysregulated immune responses which produce disease phenotypes.
These papers were presented at a workshop which was devoted to
examining reverse genetic approaches at localizing, cloning and
characterizing genes involved in a variety of developmental,
autoimmune, neoplastic and infectious disease processes. In the
first of three sections, a series of papers outline the most
currently used methods of mapping and isolating genes whose
products are unknown. The papers, following, are devoted to
specific gene systems whose dysregulation is likely to produce
mutant or disease phenotypes."
On March 27, 1990, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a
workshop on the epidemiology of multiple myeloma, held at the
National Institutes of Health. This book comprises articles
prepared by participants in this work shop. Discussed in these
papers are: the descriptive and analytic epidemi ology, differences
in risk factors between blacks and whites, monoclonal gammopathies
and their progression, and hypotheses regarding the etiology and
pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Several epidemiologic research
areas received particular attention during this workshop, and are
reviewed in detail in this volume. There have been striking
increases in the incidence of multiple myeloma over the past thirty
years, especially among older individuals and blacks, which may not
be entirely explained by changes in diagnostic capabilities.
Occupational and environmental exposures have been associated with
an increased risk of multiple myeloma, including farming exposures,
occupational exposure to petroleum and rubber processing, exposure
to ionizing radiation, and asso ciations with persistent virus
infections. The most striking epidemiological finding is reflected
in the differences in incidence rates of multiple myeloma which are
twice as high in blacks as compared with whites. Further, since
1950 the mortality rates for multiple myeloma have quadrupled in
blacks while doubling for whites. Among hematopoietic malignancies,
multiple myeloma is the only one with increased incidence and
mortality rates among blacks. 1\vo major possibilities for
explaining ethnic/racial differences in suscepti bility to multiple
myeloma are genetic and environmental factors.
This issue of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology records
the proceedings of a Workshop on the Immunology of Sili cones held
at the Natcher Conference Center, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, March 13 and 14, 1995. A large num ber of
investigators from North America and Europe met to discuss
available data on how the immune system responds to silicones and
related materials. Some aspects of this field are controversial.
Nonetheless, the meeting was marked by a civil and open ex change
of scientific information and divergent interpretations, re
flecting the traditions of scientific communication. Each invited
participant was asked to submit an article sum marizing his/her
presentation. Most of the papers are published as submitted, with
only editorial changes to conform with the guide lines given to
each contributor or revisions to clarify aspects of the paper. The
papers should not be regarded as peer-reviewed publi cations. This
preface will attempt to outline some of the immu nological areas of
investigation relating to silicones."
The eighth workshop in this series on Mechanisms in B-Cell
Neoplasia 1990 was held in Wilson Hall at the National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland on March 28-30. Five major topics
formed the basis for the discussions: 1) progress in experimental
models of B-cell tumorigenesis, 2) the role of IL-6 in plasma cell
tumor formation with particular emphasis on human myeloma, 3)
immortaliza tion and regulation of mitosis in B-cells, 4) the mYQ
gene in B-cell neoplasia, and 5) the role of EBV and other
oncogenes in transforma tion of human B-Iymphocytes. A meeting on
the Epidemiology of Myeloma was held at the N. I. H. on the
preceding day, and many of those interested in the clinical aspects
of myeloma were also participants at the workshop. Experimental
Models of B-Cell Tumor Development We have seen in the last eight
years the steady growth of model experimental systems, many of
which have been designed to be counter parts of the major forms of
human B cell tumors, e. g., follicular lymphomas, Burkitt's
lymphomas, acute B-cell leukemia and multiple myeloma. A variety of
novel ways of inducing these tumors has been described. Advantage
has been taken of the "experiments in nature" to identify critical
genes that playa role in tumor pathogenesis. These genes have been
identified by being near to viral insertion and chromosomal
translocation sites, or by having been incorporated or transduced
into a defective transforming retrovirus."
The 12th Workshop on ""Mechanisms in B-Cell Neoplasia"" continues
this series of meetings on intriguing new developments in human and
experimental B-cell tumors. The integration of knowledge from basic
B-cell biology to the clinical problems of multiple myelomas,
follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and B-CLL present the
challenges that were discussed in the meeting.
The discussion focusses on:
- Cellular components of the "myeloma clone"
- Genomic instability in B-cells and B-cell tumors
- The CD5 antigen and B1 cells
- Regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis
- Role of IL-6, BCL-2, BCL-1, myc in B-cell development
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Mechanisms in Myeloid Tumorigenesis 1988 - Workshop at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, March 22, 1988 (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989)
Grace L. C. Shen-Ong, Michael Potter, Neal G. Copeland
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R2,932
Discovery Miles 29 320
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Through numerous discussions with colleagues it became apparent
that the time was right to begin a series of workshop-like meetings
on myeloid tumorigenesis. Myeloid tumors are the nonlymphocytic
tumors of the hematopoietic system which include tumors of the
neutrophilic, monocytic, erythrocytic, basophilic (mast cell) and
megakaryocytic lineages. Pioneering studies in myeloid
tumorigenesis were initially made in chickens with the discovery of
retroviruses that induce various kinds of myeloid tumors acutely
(myelocytomatosis, myeloblastosis, and erythroblastosis). These
avian retroviruses were subsequently shown to contain the oncogenes
v-myb, v-~, v-~, v-erbA, or v-erbB. There have been dramatic
advances in studying the pathogenesis of hematopoietic tumors in
genetically defined mammalian systems. Many of the well developed
model systems in inbred mice, have focused on T- and B-1ymphoma
development. Although myeloid tumors have been found in mice, they
have not been studied as intensively as lymphoid tumors. Possibly
this is because myeloid tumors are less common than lymphoid
tumors. Recently, there has been renewed interest in murine myeloid
tumor systems. This focus has resulted from 1) the discovery of
inbred strains of mice (e. g. BXH-2, AKXD- 23, SJL/J) that are
highly susceptible to spontaneous or induced myeloid tumorigenesis;
2) establishment of transplantable murine myeloid tumors (e.
Main topics covered: B-Cell Development; Immunoglobulin Gene
Rearrangement; Multiple Myeloma, Plasmactomas; Lymphomas: B-CLL,
Folli- cular Lymphomas BCL-2, BCL-1; Lymphomas: EBV, AIDS Associa-
ted Lymphomas; Oncogenes and Transcriptional Factors (text to
follow)
The papers in this book were presented at the 6th Workshop on
Mechanisms in B-Cell Neoplasia, held in Bethesda, March 23-25,
1988. On alternate years this meeting is sponsored by the . ;.
Basel Institute of Immunology in Basel, Switzerland and by the
National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, and is attended by 100 to
150 parti cipants. This 6th workshop, like the preceding five, was
characterized by intense and enthusiastic discussion which
reflects, we think, the exciting growth and development of this
field. It is quite clear, however, that despite many general
advances an understanding of the precise underlying mechanisms in
B-cell tumor development is not yet defined. Probably, there is no
single mechanism for all the various forms of B-cell neo plastic
development. Many different forms of B-cell neoplasms are known,
and these are distinguished by several characteristics: 1) the
stage of development attained by the tumor stem cells; 2) mode of
growth (slow or fast); 3) association with natural or inductive
etiologic agents and 4) specific and consistent mutational
mechanisms such as retroviral insertion, chromosomal rearrangement.
Those charac teristic forms which arise naturally in relatively
high frequency or those tumors with hallmark properties which can
be induced consistently are the models most frequently studied, e.
g. , endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, acute and
chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mUltiple myeloma in man; bursal
lymphoma in chickens; Abelson virus induced pre B cell lymphomas
and plasmacytomas in mice and immunocytomas in rats. Each model
system, has special problems and advantages.
The mouse was first used in immunological research by Paul Ehrlich
in 1891 in an extraordinary series of experiments on the maternal
transfer of antitoxic immunity. A short 22 years later in 1913
Halsey Bagg acquired a stock of albino mice from a commercial
dealer and used them in a series of experiments on learning.
Because he was interested in the genetics of intelligence, Halsey
Bagg began breeding a pedigreed line of these mice that were
subsequently named for him - Bagg Albino. Though Halsey Bagg is not
credited with initiating the inbred strains of mice, his stock
curiously has played an indisputably important role. Bagg Albinos
were progenitors of the present day BALB/c family of sublines - the
subject of this book. They were also used as one of the parents in
the development of inbred strains A, CBA and C3H, three other very
famous strains. Today the BALB/c mouse is among the five most
widely used inbred strains in biomedical research and a particular
favorite in immunology and infectious disease research. The
hallmark of the BALB/c response to so many kinds of infections is
susceptibility and sometimes an exaggerated susceptibility, but
this paradoxically is not associated with immunodeficiency as
BALB/c is an excellent responder to immuni zation. These
characteristics have made the BALB/c mouse a model for identifying
genes that determine susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic
diseases. In 1985 the laboratory BALB/c mouse became 72 years old.
The current filial generations are somewhere around 350 generations
MURPHY]."
Workshops on the mechanisms of B cell neoplasia have been organized
alternatively in Bethesda and Basel since 1983. Prog ress in our
understanding of the development and responses of B lymphocytes is
presented and discussed with the aim and hope to understand what
might go wrong when B lymphocytes are transformed into malignant
cells. Such knowledge might lead to better diagnosis, prevention
and even cure of these terri ble diseases. The presentations at the
Bethesda workshops are published as papers in volumes of Current
Topics in Microbiol ogy and Immunology, while the presentations and
discussions in Basel were transcribed and published in Editions
Roche. For the first time, a Basel workshop (held 4th-6th October
1998) that has been recorded and, in part, transcribed is being
published as papers and discussions within Current Topics. This
volume is the latest of a long series which documents the
excitements of ground-breaking discoveries as well as the
frustrations of our inability to fully understand the mechanisms
leading to B cell neoplasia. The papers at the workshop are
presented when possible in the sequence in which they were given.
However, to facilitate the organization and reading of the book and
to highlight gen eral topics and themes, the papers are organized
into five sec tions: I B Cell and Plasma Cell Development II
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors III Chromosomal Translocations,
DNA Rearrangements and Somatic Hypermutations IV Biology of
Lymphomagenesis, B-CLL, Autoimmunity V Myeloma, Plasmacytomas and
Related Subjects.
The fourth workshop on Mechanisms in B-Ce11 Neoplasia was held in
Bethesda. Maryland. at the National Institutes of Health on March
24. 25 and 26. 1986. The meeting was attended by approximately 150
participants and 58 presentations were given. The purpose of these
workshops and the yearly publications has been to provide a means
for exchanging the rapidly developing information in this field and
to bring maJor problems into focus. Edited trans- cripts of the
1983 and 1985 workshops were published by Editiones Roche Bas1e,
Switzerland. Papers brought to the 1984 workshop were published in
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Vol. 113. Numerous
retrovira1 recombinant viral constructs are now in general use in a
variety of test systems, both in vivo and in vitro. These are
proving to have interesting bio10gica1-prQperties. ------- Kecent1y
developed systems for inducing B cell tumors are described: 1) The
development of spontaneous ~-ce11 tumors in transgenic mice
carrying deregulated mlGBP genes and the Ig heavy chain promoter;
2) a method for inducing *p1asmacytomas in BAL~/c mice with short
latent periods of ca 70 days by infecting pristane treated mice
with retroviruses carrying various types of deregulated mlGBP
genes; 3) induction of pre-B cell tumors with erbB containing
recombinant retroviruses; 4) induction of B-ce11 and other tumors
by infection of neonates with recombinant retroviruses. Several
retrovira1 constructs containing mlGBP sequences do not induce
B-ce11 tumors in pristane conditioned mice *.
The present volume of "Current Topics in Microbiology and
Immunology" is a series of papers on subjects that are relevant to
the growing use of 'wild mice' in immunological, microbiological
and genetical research. 'Wild mice' is a jargonistic term that is
used chiefly in the laboratory to refer to the naturally living
forms of house mice (Mus musculus) and also other species closely
related to M. musculus. This group of species is designated by
systematists as the genus Mus. Immunologists began 20 years ago to
study the polymorphisms of 1mmunoglobulins and major
histocompatibility complex antigens in wild mice. An extrordinary
extension of the highly polymorphic array of phenotypes known in
inbred mice was encountered. Breeding stocks of wild mice were
brought into the laboratory. This included not only M. musculus but
a)so many of the available species in the genus Mus-from Southeast
Asia ~nd Europe. This availability led to other comparisons of
'wild' and inbred mice and the discovery of other new and
interesting phenotypes and genotypes. It became apparent that
inbred strains of mice provided only a limited window for viewing
the genetic diversity of Mus musculus.
The papers in this book were presented at the 14th Mechanisms in
B-cell Neoplasia meeting that was held in Bethesda, Maryland
October 21-23, 1996. In 1995 the organizers decided that the format
of the meeting would be changed and that specific topics relevant
to B-cell neoplasia would be discussed. This year's topic is on the
c-myc oncogene in B-cell neoplasia which has been discussed in
virtually every previous meeting. Some of the presentations
announced for the first time dramatic advances in our understanding
of c-myc and because this subject has become highly complex it was
thought that devoting the whole meeting to this theme would be
appropriate. The book, therefore, repre sents a review of many
aspects of the myc problem but by no means is truly comprehensive.
In a recent Medline search there were 8,505 references to myc,
fully illustrating the magnitude of the interest and depth of this
field. The organizers of the meeting have each contributed review
chapters that summarize different aspects of the meeting. We thank
the National Cancer Institute for sponsoring this workshop and the
staff of Cygnus, Inc., for their outstanding organizational
assistance. The organizers are most grateful to Vickie Rogers for
assembling the book and dealing with the edi torialization of the
manuscripts. MICHAEL POlTER FRITZ MELCHERS Table of Contents M.
POlTER and K. B. MARCU The c-myc Story: Where We've Been, Where We
Seem to be Going. With 2 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . I F."
In this book Michael Potter offers a fresh and compelling portrait
of the birth of modern analytic philosophy, viewed through the lens
of a detailed study of the work of the four philosophers who
contributed most to shaping it: Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell,
Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Frank Ramsey. It covers the remarkable
period of discovery that began with the publication of Frege's
Begriffsschrift in 1879 and ended with Ramsey's death in 1930.
Potter-one of the most influential scholars of this period in
philosophy-presents a deep but accessible account of the break with
absolute idealism and neo-Kantianism, and the emergence of
approaches that exploited the newly discovered methods in logic.
Like his subjects, Potter focusses principally on philosophical
logic, philosophy of mathematics, and metaphysics, but he also
discusses epistemology, meta-ethics, and the philosophy of
language. The book is an essential starting point for any student
attempting to understand the work of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein,
and Ramsey, as well as their interactions and their larger
intellectual milieux. It will also be of interest to anyone who
wants to cast light on current philosophical problems through a
better understanding of their origins.
In this book Michael Potter offers a fresh and compelling portrait
of the birth of modern analytic philosophy, viewed through the lens
of a detailed study of the work of the four philosophers who
contributed most to shaping it: Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell,
Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Frank Ramsey. It covers the remarkable
period of discovery that began with the publication of Frege's
Begriffsschrift in 1879 and ended with Ramsey's death in 1930.
Potter-one of the most influential scholars of this period in
philosophy-presents a deep but accessible account of the break with
absolute idealism and neo-Kantianism, and the emergence of
approaches that exploited the newly discovered methods in logic.
Like his subjects, Potter focusses principally on philosophical
logic, philosophy of mathematics, and metaphysics, but he also
discusses epistemology, meta-ethics, and the philosophy of
language. The book is an essential starting point for any student
attempting to understand the work of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein,
and Ramsey, as well as their interactions and their larger
intellectual milieux. It will also be of interest to anyone who
wants to cast light on current philosophical problems through a
better understanding of their origins.
Gottlob Frege (1848 1925) was unquestionably one of the most
important philosophers of all time. He trained as a mathematician,
and his work in philosophy started as an attempt to provide an
explanation of the truths of arithmetic, but in the course of this
attempt he not only founded modern logic but also had to address
fundamental questions in the philosophy of language and
philosophical logic. Frege is generally seen (along with Russell
and Wittgenstein) as one of the fathers of the analytic method,
which dominated philosophy in English-speaking countries for most
of the twentieth century. His work is studied today not just for
its historical importance but also because many of his ideas are
still seen as relevant to current debates in the philosophies of
logic, language, mathematics and the mind. The Cambridge Companion
to Frege provides a route into this lively area of research.
"An excellent analysis of the complex dynamics of inclusion in
post-conflict societies: theoretically grounded, empirically rich,
and with a well-informed set of policy-relevant insights and
recommendations with implications far beyond the cases of Kosovo
and Northern Ireland."Stefan Wolff, University of Birmingham, UK
"Does the promotion of political accommodation between the
contending parties in an ethno-nationalist conflict disadvantage
other groups in society? This important question is at the heart of
Michael Potter's nuanced study of post-settlement parliaments in
Kosovo and Northern Ireland, in which he probes their record of
representativeness, focusing on gender and ethnicity. His
meticulous research, drawing on extensive fieldwork, shows that the
domination of the parliaments by parties aligned to the conflict
does indeed tend to marginalise other identities. His findings
provide plenty of food for thought for practitioners in the field
of conflict resolution. In particular, they underline the need for
care in the design of institutional arrangements for deeply divided
societies, so as to minimise potentially negative consequences that
priority for accommodation and reconciliation may have for other
issues and for the practice of inclusion."Adrian Guelke, Queen's
University Belfast, UK "Identity is a central organising principle
of politics in the 21st century. In this impressive book Michael
Potter shows that a focus on gender and minority ethnic identities
in newly-formed post-conflict assemblies provides a unique litmus
test of the robustness of democratic politics. He analyses the
cases of Kosovo and Northern Ireland with rigour and considerable
insight. This book makes a highly original and lasting contribution
to theory and practice in post-conflict settings world-wide."Yvonne
Galligan, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland This book
examines inclusion in post-conflict legislatures, using Northern
Ireland and Kosovo as case studies and gender and minority
ethnicity as indicators. The analysis uses an adapted framework
developed by Yvonne Galligan and Sara Clavero to measure inclusion
across a range of factors associated with deliberative democratic
principles. The logic is that political systems designed to
accommodate communities in conflict will prioritise certain
identities over others. The aim of the book is to investigate how
identities not directly associated with a conflict fare in a
political system designed to manage identities in conflict. The
book looks comparatively at the conflicts in Kosovo and Northern
Ireland, then discusses approaches to conflict management,
describing how political institutions were designed in those
contexts. The themes of women and minority identities in those
conflicts are then explored with a view to examining the extent of
inclusion in the Northern Ireland and Kosovo Assemblies.
|
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